Fiber optic cable, also known as optical fiber cable, is a type of cable used for high-speed data transmission over long distances. It consists of one or more strands of optically pure glass or plastic fibers enclosed in a protective covering. Fiber optic cables utilize the principle of total internal reflection to transmit light signals. The core of the fiber is surrounded by a cladding layer with a lower refractive index, which ensures that light signals are reflected and confined within the core, allowing for efficient signal propagation.